Woomera, South Australia, by Jonas Mockūnas

Rocket range

The idea of establishing a rocket range in outback Australia — with the impressive title of the Anglo-Australian Long-Range Weapons Establishment (LRWE) — originated soon after the end of World War II. Concerned by the lack of adequate defences to the German V-2 rockets during the war and by growing Cold War tensions in the post-war environment, the Anglo-Australian Joint Project was established in 1946 with the LRWE as a centrepiece.

A huge parcel of remote land in South Australia — the Woomera Prohibited Area — was declared in 1947, for use as a testing range for new rockets and guided missiles. At its peak, the range covered 270,000 square kilometres, an area larger than the United Kingdom, and accommodated both military and civil aerospace testing facilities. Today, the somewhat smaller prohibited area is called the RAAF Woomera Range Complex (WRC).

Growing up in Adelaide during the 1950s, I was vaguely aware of the rocket range, as tests were occasionally reported in the local media. I also knew that some of the Displaced Persons (DPs) who had arrived in Australia after the War had worked there, including my father and a few of his Lithuanian friends and acquaintances. It was only a few years ago that I began to comprehend the massive scale of the project, or the contribution made by refugees, largely thanks to the research of Associate Professor Andrew Saniga of Melbourne University.

Tent lines at Woomera in 1947 or 1948 in the base camp of No. 2 Airfield Construction Company,
RAAF, engaged in constructing the airfield for the rocket range

Source:  Australian War Memorial PO1984.001

DPs Employed Despite Security Questions

Once the Prohibited Area was established, the Department of Works and Housing was tasked with building a village and other infrastructure at Woomera. Labour was in short supply, so despite the security considerations at the military-controlled site, newly-arrived DPs under work contract to the Australian government were also brought in to assist with the construction phase.

Some of the ‘Balts’ who had reached Australia in late 1947 on the USAT General Stuart Heintzelman, the First Transport, began arriving at the Woomera worksites from April 1948, having been redirected from their initial placements in fruit picking or other jobs. The first major placement, of 50 men from the Bonegilla migrant camp, was despatched on 2 June 1948; by mid-1949 there had been over 400 DPs sent to the rocket range, and 360 were still there despite the harsh work and living conditions. 

Most likely there were few attractions in this remote environment for the new migrants other than their pay packets, which were larger than could be found for unskilled work elsewhere in Australia; the June 1948 contingent started on a wage of £7/10 per week, accommodation and meals included. By April 1949 my father, who had arrived on the Second Transport, recorded that most unskilled wages started at £11 per week.

Hundreds of DPs Employed at Woomera

In May 1949 the Security Officer at Woomera compiled a Nominal Roll of the DPs who had been employed at Woomera from April 1948 to April 1949. Numerically, the Poles were the largest group (112), followed by Lithuanians (92), Latvians (89) and Estonians (38). The Nominal Roll, together with the Bonegilla records, show at least 34 Balts from the First Transport at Woomera during the late 1940s:

Estonians Kuusk, Lembit Latvians Abolins, Voldemars Apinis, Janis Bergtals, Sergejs Bergtals, Nikolajs Kondrats, Vilis Muiznieks, Elmars Osins, Augusts Osis, Eriks

Lithuanians Balsevičius, Bronius Brazauskas, Antanas Budrionis, Antanas Dailyde, Vladas Janonis, Zenonas Kildišas, Adolfas Laurinavičius, Povilas Lileika, Algirdas Lizaitis, Algirdas Meškelis, Vilgelminas Navickas, Albinas Norkeliunas, Antanas Norkūnas, Vytautas Petruškevičius, Jonas Petruškevičius (nee Salytė), Viltis Reisgys, Anskis Rimkevičius, Eduardas Sivickas, Vincas Staugas, Eduardas Strankauskas, Jonas Valinčius, Kazys Venzlauskas, Antanas Volkovas, Simonas Zakarauskas, Jurgis Zeronas, Romualdas

[Some names in the list above have had links added to them, which will take you to the biographies of those individuals.  More links will be added as more relevant biographies appear on this blog.]

The earliest from the First Transport to arrive at Woomera was Vilgelmas Meškelis, on 25 April 1948; he had already worked picking fruit for J Nethersole and Son, at Ardmona in Victoria, before being sent to Iron Knob in South Australia after a return to the Bonegilla camp. He was followed by four others during May 1948 (S. Bergtals, Laurinavičius, Navickas and Norkūnas). Nine members of the June 1948 contingent from Bonegilla were First Transporters.

Most of the men were employed as labourers on the various construction projects, although a few were given semi-skilled or trade tasks. Elmars Muiznieks, a mechanic in Latvia, was employed in the mechanics workshop until he was dismissed (see below) and Romualdas Zeronas was employed as a cook’s offsider until he too was dismissed.

The Bergtals brothers, having had prior supervisory experience, were given more responsibility, Sergejs as a ganger/foreman, and Nikolajs as a ganger/draftsman. Albinas Navickas worked as a linesman, Jonas Petruškevičius as a stone mason, and Anskis Reisgys as a cable joiner.

Viltis Petruškevičius, née Salytė, the only woman in this group, worked as a waitress; she had opted to go to Woomera to accompany her husband Jonas after they married in April 1948.

Building the spur line to Woomera, 1949

Source:  National Archives of Australia

Conditions in the early construction camps were often relatively primitive, even for men who had spent years in Europe’s Displaced Persons camps. Many had elected to put up with the conditions as a means of saving a nest-egg towards their futures in the big cities, others enjoyed the new-found freedom in the bush including the relatively unrestrained opportunities for alcohol and/or gambling. Not surprisingly, around 6 per cent of the DPs were dismissed for various transgressions within that first year.

Escapade Led to Deportation

Perhaps one of the more colourful escapades was that undertaken by two Latvians, Elmars Muiznieks and Julius Gravans who stole a truck in Woomera in February 1949 but were soon apprehended, fined £20 Pounds in the Port Augusta Police Court, and dismissed from their employment.

Deportation Order for Elmars Muiznieks

Source:  Arolsen Archives

What may have started as a lark did not end well for these men: ignoring their work obligations to the Australian Government, they then made their way to Melbourne, but were soon arrested by the Victorian Police operating at the request of the Department of Immigration. The authorities had clearly had enough — the men were given dictation tests, in Italian and Romanian, and declared prohibited immigrants before being deported in September 1949. Ironically, the First Transport Balts were released from their work obligations to the Commonwealth at the end of September 1949.

FOOTNOTES

1. The Nominal Roll does not list all of the above names; in particular, Viltis Petruškevičius and Algirdas Lileika do not appear on the Roll and have been included because of other substantiating documentation. If searching the Nominal Roll, please be aware of other errors also, including incorrect arrival dates to Australia (several First Transport passengers are shown as arriving in November 1948, whereas the year should be 1947), and incorrect listing by nationality (for example Budrionis and Laurinavičius are both listed under the Latvian heading).

2. There are many other issues associated with Woomera that are beyond the scope of this post. Prof Saniga touched on a few of these in the 2022 exhibition catalogue, referring to the irony of ‘war-weary European migrants‘ who had been displaced from their own homelands being sent to work on a military project that had involved ‘the displacement of Aboriginal people, mainly the Kokatha, from their tribal lands’.

ANN'S ADDITIONS

In a 2025 paper, Scriver, Cooke and Saniga note that ‘At least six different Aboriginal Peoples were impacted by the LWRE. Much of what had been the country of the Kokatha People ... would thereafter be designated the Woomera Prohibited Area. 

'The extent of the impact was much greater, however, as numerous other groups would also be profoundly affected ... along the thousands of kilometres of the rocket range’s firing line that traversed their ancestral countries between Woomera and the northwest coast of Australia. 

'These included the Nakako, Pitjantjatjara, Ngatatjara, Mardu and Nyangumarda Peoples ... tracking and clearing people from the fall zones of spent rockets by the LRWE’s Native Patrol Officers, including the removal to mission reserves of women and children of the Manjiljarra/Martu Wangka and Yulparija Peoples, some of who had reputedly never left the desert previously.’

We should note that what may seem ruthless now was just part and parcel of what had happened to many people across Europe and Asia during and after World War II, especially in the Baltic and other Eastern European countries from which the DPs came. 

The Anglo side of this Anglo-Australian project, in particular, might have included survivors of the London Blitz of September 1940 to May 1941 or people whose families had been caught up in it.  The military of both nations had just been fighting against would-be invaders for 6 long years.

Those “growing Cold War tensions” Jonas mentioned at the start affected the attitudes of Anglo-Australian officials to the pre-existing populations.  They had to be moved on for the good of the whole world.

SOURCES

Brisbane Telegraph (1949) ‘Balts jailed; Left jobs’ Brisbane, May 16, p 3 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212265738, accessed 27 January 2026.

Mockūnas, Jonas (snr) (1949) [Personal diary].

National Archive of Australia: Commonwealth Investigation Service, South Australia; D1918, Investigation case files, single number series with 'S' prefix, 1938-1960; S1493/5/2, Nominal roll of displaced persons at Woomera [Long Range Weapons Establishment, Woomera, SA], 1948-1949 https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=856767, accessed 18 February 2026.

National Archives of Australia:  Department of Labour and National Service, Central Office; MT29/1, Employment Service Schedules, 1947-1950; 21, Schedule of displaced persons who left the Reception and Training Centre, Bonegilla Victoria for employment in the State of South Australia – [Schedule No. SA1 to SA31], 1948-1950 recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=23150376, accessed 18 February 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, South Australia Branch; D4481, Alien registration cards, alphabetical series, 1946-1976; PETRUSKEVICIUS VILTIS LODZE, Petruskevicius Viltis Lodze - Nationality: Lithuanian - Arrived Fremantle per General Stuart Heintzelman 28 November 1947 Also known as NEE SALYTE, 1947-1952 https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=9221636, accessed 18 February 2026.

'Personal file of MUIZNIEKS, ELMARS, born on 4-Jan-1918, born in VALMIERA' 3.2.1 IRO "Care and Maintenance" Program, DocID: 79506031, ITS Digital Archive, Arolsen Archives https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/79506031,  accessed 18 February 2026.

Petruškevičienė, Viltis (1950) ‘Woomera West’ Mūsų Pastogė (Our Haven) Sydney, August 16, p 4 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article259363646, accessed 18 February 2026.

Saniga, Andrew (2022) 'Woomera' in Immigrant Networks (exhibition catalogue), Melbourne (16 November 2022 to 10 February 2023).

Saniga, Andrew (2024) 'Woomera: A Landscape of Displacement and Renewal' in A. Pieris, M. Lozanovska, A. Dellios, A. Saniga & D. Deynon, Immigrant Industry: Building Postwar Australia, Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, pp132-165.

Scriver, P. C., Cooke, S., & Saniga, A. (2025). 'Constructing/curating Woomera: a topology of displacement between northeastern Europe and Central Australia', Landscape Research, 50(7), 1173–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2025.2526505, accessed 18 February 2026.

Wikipedia ' RAAF Woomera Range Complex' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex accessed 26 January 2026.

Vladas Navickas (1924-2012): Chartered Accountant in North America, by Rasa Ščevinksienė and Ann Tündern-Smith

Updated 17 January 2026 and 10 February 2026.

Vladas Navickas liked the Bonegilla camp even less than Endrius Jankus. In a 2007 issue of Mūsų Pastogė, so nearly 60 years later, he summarised his experience of Australia – and admitted his regret in leaving. Rasa’s translation from the original Lithuanian reads like this.

“I don't remember if I wrote to you that I was once an Australian. I had come on the very first transport from Germany, with General Heintzelman. I remember that we were placed in the Bonegilla camp like exhibits in a zoo, which people from all over Australia would come to see.

“Even the Immigration Minister Calwell himself met us on the ship and came to the camp to congratulate us on coming to Australia to help develop it and protect it from the ‘yellow peril’ from the north. We were his first ‘children’ of his ‘White Australia’ policy.

“How times have changed since then ... Despite the fact that I left it in 1959, one might say out of boredom, I have so many connections with it. I spent the best years of my youth there (about 15), graduated from university in Hobart, acquired the Chartered Accountant profession, which was useful to me until the end of my working career in this country.

“Today, looking at our current political and economic situation, I regret leaving Australia. Of course, 50 years ago I did not think so. For some time after my arrival, we had a rather pleasant and free life, until about 1980-1985.

“After that, our not too smart, but extremely greedy (of wealth and honour) presidents gradually took too much rights and power into their own hands and began to implement their personal long-cherished programs, despite the fact that for the remaining 300 million inhabitants, most of them were even very disastrous, leading many of them even to their graves.

“Although your leader is quite aggressive, he seems to have more sense than our quixotic leaders. It would be interesting to hear what you think about all this (Australia and this country), if you would like to share your views with me.

"Best wishes, Vladas Navickas, USA”

Where in the USA was Vladas?

We do not know from where in the United States Vladas wrote this letter, but know that his ashes were placed behind a plaque in Las Vegas, Nevada, after his 2012 death at the grand age of 88. Earlier, he worked as a chartered accountant in San Francisco, California, and first reached North America through Vancouver, Canada.

Vladas Navickas in 1947, from his Bonegilla card

Source:  Bonegilla Identity Card Lookup

Concord Repatriation Hospital

He was one of the first group of 6 Lithuanians and Latvians sent to work at the Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, in April 1948. Before that, he had spent more than two months picking fruit in Victoria, for VR McNab of Ardmona. At some time in 1948, according to Ramunas Tarvydas, he moved to Tasmania. By March 1954, he was back in Victoria, receiving his Australian citizenship.

Vladas' family

He was born in Žagarė, a city in northern Lithuania, close to the border with Latvia, on 18 January 1924. His father was also Vladas, while his mother is named on a document recorded in Germany as “Anna”. This means that it is likely that her name actually was Ona.

They had another son, Vytautas, some 3 years later. He arrived in Australia 5 months after his brother, on the Third Transport, the USAT General WM Black, on 27 April 1948. He also stayed in the Bonegilla camp, working as a camp policeman, according to one of his papers held by the National Archives of Australia.

The parents were in Bavaria after the War, looking for both their sons in October 1945. The younger Vytautas had fled Lithuania with his parents but had become separated from them during an air raid in Memel, then in East Prussia, Germany, but now back in Lithuania and known as Klaipėda. They told an UNRRA team that they understood that Vladas had headed out of Skuodas, another northern Lithuanian city, with the intention of reaching Germany.

Vladas in Germany

The only other information we have about Vladas’ flight to Germany comes for his interview for possible selection to move to Australia on the First Transport. There, the flight is summarised, as it was for so many other interviewees, as “Forcibly evacuated by the Germans”.

At the time he applied for Australia, he was in a Displaced Persons Camp in Hanau, near Frankfurt, in the centre of western Germany.  He is recorded as completing the 4 years of primary school which all young Lithuanians attended, plus 7 years of secondary education. The languages he spoke were the obvious ones: Lithuanian, German, English.

Father Continues to Search for Sons

In 1952, their father was in America but still looking for his sons, according to the advertisement below in Australijos lietuvis (The Australian Lithuanian).

Source:  Australijos lietuvis (The Australian Lithuanian) 11 February 1952

We no nothing about further contact between members of this family. We do know from Vladas’ Aliens Registration Certificate that he had 3 addresses in Hobart before he moved to Melbourne in early 1954, and that his occupation changed from labourer to clerk.

Vladas in Tasmania Applies for Citizenship

In 1953, when Vladas was still in Tasmania, he was studying bookkeeping and auditing, as his passes were published in both the Burnie Advocate and the Launceston Examiner.

He started applying for Australian citizenship in Hobart in 1952, with advertisements in the two main Tasmanian newspapers, the Hobart Mercury and the Launceston Examiner, from 16 October, attached to his application. The application ran into trouble when, at a 9 December 1952 interview, having been told that there were penalties under the Citizenship Act for false information, he admitted that he planned to move to Canada indefinitely.

In a letter dated 20 January 1953, Vladas stated that he would not go to Canada if not granted Australian citizenship. This would not have helped his case, since the double negative also can be read as an intention to depart if he did receive the grant.

On 14 April, Vladas replied to a Departmental letter, missing from the file, to state that he had abandoned his plans to go to Canada. Two letters then were sent to the High Commission but, after no reply in six months, someone telephoned instead.

That produced the Canadian reply that Vladas indeed had sought a visa, after a “close relative” had encouraged him. The fact that he would not get Australian citizenship if he really intended to depart indefinitely for Canada, leaving no ties behind in Australia, had led to the withdrawal of his application.

We have to wonder which relative could be closer than the brother also living near Hobart in Tasmania. Possibly the wife and child who he admitted later to having had in Hobart, and more about them soon.

Vladas leaves Tasmania

Vladas was resident in Yarraville, Melbourne, by March 1954, when he was a recipient of Australian citizenship at the first ceremony to be held by the Mayor of Williamstown, an inner western suburb.

In August 1956, an American Lithuanian newspaper, Naujienos (News), reported that Vladas had settled in Vancouver, Canada. The translation continues, “He is an experienced accountant and hopes to find work in his specialty.” This despite the commitment not to leave, in order to receive Australian citizenship.

As it happens, he did not qualify fully for an accountancy career until 1959, when he received a Bachelor of Commerce (BComm) degree from the University of Tasmania. We know this from a list of Graduates of that University with Lithuanian Names, which appeared in the 1997 issue of Lithuanian Papers. This was an annual journal published by people associated with the University of Tasmania.

Also, he wrote in 2007 above that he did not leave Australia until 1959. Perhaps the Naujienos reporter thought that he was settling down immediately instead of checking out North America. Perhaps that is what he told the reporter.

At the same time, Vladas contradicted himself by writing that he stayed in Australia “about 15” years, since his February 1959 arrival in the United States, as stated on his petition for US citizenship, means a little over 11 years of residence here.

Vladas Settles in San Francisco

In fact, he left Australia again, early in 1959, from Sydney on the Oronsay, arriving in San Francisco on 7 February 1959. This information comes from his petition for US naturalisation. In the 1964 petition, he was claiming that he had not left the US since arrival. He must have graduated in absentia from his Tasmanian BComm course.

No, he did not leave Australia for Canada but, yes, he did leave Australia permanently as an Australian citizen with no intention of returning.

When he received his US citizenship on 30 March 1964, he had been an Australian citizen for only 10 years.  At least Australian citizenship helped him move on from Australia freely, or so he must have thought.

From advertisements published in the Lietuviai Amerikos vakaruose (Lithuanians in Western America) newspaper between 1966 and 1977, we can see that he continued to offer his services as a chartered accountant from 2838 Clement Street, San Francisco. This was in a mostly residential neighbour with a scattering of businesses, to judge from the modern Google Street View images.

One of Vladas' advertisements, offering professional advice on income tax

Source:  Lietuviai Amerikos vakaruose (Lithuanians in Western America) March 1977

Vladas' marriages

During this time, on 20 October 1975, Vladas married Setsuko Kato in Monterey, a city south of San Francisco. He was 51 years old, while she was 27.

This marriage lasted until Vladas‘ death and Setsuko is buried with him. Ancestry records suggested the possibility of an earlier marriage, since they note a divorce beween a Vladas Navickas, born in 1924, and Dietlind I Klopschinsk in San Francisco in 1973. However, various records on the Web indicate that Vladas Navickas had a lot of namefellows, not just his father, including another Vladas Navickas born later in 1924. Further, the only other record for Dietlind Klopschinsk (or perhaps, Klopschinski*) on the Web appears to be a later marriage, so it is not possible to check further the birthdate of her former husband.

And definitely there was an early marriage and divorce in Australia, declared on Vladas’ 1964 petition for naturalisation in San Francisco. He advised that he had married Ona Taparauskas in Hobart on 13 February 1950. They now were divorced and she had remained in Australia. His Australian citizenship application shows that the marriage had produced one child, who stayed with the mother.

Vladas and Setsuko Move Around

In retirement, Vladas, with Setsuko, appears to have returned to the peripatetic lifestyle of his early adulthood. The Tampa Bay Times in Florida records the sale of a home by Vladas and Setsuko in that area in December 1997. Between July 2008 and April 2012, they owned a property in Grants Pass, Oregon.

Amazon.com‘s transcription of the US Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volumes 1 and 2, also have Setsuko Navickas (far less likely to have namefellows than her husband) living in Grand Canyon, Arizona, St Petersburg, Florida (across Tampa Bay from the city of Tampa) and Gresham, Oregon (more than 4 hours’ drive away from the other Oregon address of Grants Pass).

They moved to Henderson, Nevada, a city adjacent to the southeast of Las Vegas. Vladas died there on 4 July 2012.

Ancestry’s transcription of the US Index to Public Records, 1994-2019, has Setsuko living at the Henderson address between 1998 and 2020. There were two more addresses in Las Vegas for 1997 and 1998, presumably until the couple found the home they wanted to buy in 1998.

The St Petersburg FL address was good for 1991-2004, according to the US Index to Public Records, 1994-2019. The 2004 end date does conflict with the 1997 sale and the dates given for Setsuko’s addresses in other records.

If they were living in Henderson NV between 1998 and 2012 (longer for Setsuko), then either the Grants Pass OR property owned at the same time was an investment property, or perhaps they commuted between the two (summer in Oregon, winter in the warmer Nevada sun).

Vladas' Death

Vladas died on an important date for Americans, 4 July, in 2012. We do not know Setsuko’s date of death because it is too recent for public records and because her birthdate only is visible in the photograph below of the plaque in Palm Memorial Park, Las Vegas, behind which their ashes presumably rest.

Plaque for Vladas and Setsuko, in Palm Memorial Park, Las Vegas

Source:  Find A Grave

Vladas' Brother, Vytautas

Even before his older brother became an Australian citizen – for 10 years only – Vytautas was advertising his intention to apply. First his advertisement appeared in the Hobart Mercury of 22 October 1952, a little too early as he admitted that he had been in Australia for only 4½ years. This was followed by the required second advertisement in the Launceston Examiner of 27 May 1954. He was living in Hobart area then too, at Myrtle Gully, Cascades.

Vytautas Navickas from an Alien Registration record

Source:  National Archives of Australia

Unlike his brother, he stayed in Hobart, known as Jack, and died there on 20 February 2015. At this time, he had been married to Mary for 61 years, meaning that he must have married back in 1953-54, and had become the father of Heather, Wayne and Gary. They had given him 7 grandchildren.

Of the two brothers, it was the younger Vytautas who stayed to contribute to Australia.

FOOTNOTE

* In fact, Dietlinde Irmhild Klopschinski, born 1935, according to another Ancestry user, Maren Martini, whom I thank for the detail.

SOURCES

Advocate (1953) ‘Accountancy Exams’ Burnie, Tas, 15 December, p 11 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/69502506, accessed 9 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Setsuko Navickas, in the US Index to Public Records, 1994-2019’ https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/62209/records/50328171?tid=&pid=&queryId=5459a9cd-9db0-4c89-a2ac-45479e67ce04&_phsrc=lkA33&_phstart=successSource, accessed 10 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Setsuko Navickas, in the US Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1’ https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1788/records/25509683, accessed 11 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Setsuko Navickas, in the US Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1’ https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1788/records/261535324?tid=&pid=&queryId=8b5d70dc-70fc-4c4c-98b4-f8d50c11a699&_phsrc=lkA38&_phstart=successSource, accessed 11 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Setsuko Navickas, in the US Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 2’ https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1732/records/195998761?tid=&pid=&queryId=2d639107-a86f-43a7-bddb-955b8114de74&_phsrc=lkA37&_phstart=successSource, accessed 11 January 2026.

Ancestry, ‘Vladas Navickas, in the California, US, Divorce Index, 1966-1984’ https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1141/records/1416206?tid=&pid=&queryId=c590ef56-9fdf-4d59-9923-2eca35461d0f&_phsrc=caR185&_phstart=successSource, accessed 10 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Vladas Navickas in the California, US, Federal Naturalization Records, 1888-1991’ https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3998/records/3528558?tid=&pid=&queryId=6c318e39-58ba-4c0f-a03b-39db4caa97cc&_phsrc=caR207&_phstart=successSource, accessed 11 January 2026.

Ancestry ‘Vladas Navickas, in the California, US, Marriage Index, 1960-1985’ https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1144/records/2906960?tid=&pid=&queryId=19292cee-d5b2-48f1-9bdd-72a42f80f999&_phsrc=caR183&_phstart=successSource, accessed 10 January 2026.

Ancestry, ‘Vladas Navickas, in the US Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992’ https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1629/records/5720391?tid=&pid=&queryId=578ef7a1-a5d2-4aef-9750-d31b0fcc0765&_phsrc=bUj161&_phstart=successSource, accessed 10 January 2026.

Bonegilla Identity Card Lookup ‘Vladas Navickas’ Bonegilla Migrant Experience, https://idcards.bonegilla.org.au/record/203732814, accessed 9 January 2026.

Clustrmaps.com ‘Setsuko Navickas’ https://clustrmaps.com/person/Navickas-fbnv3, accessed 10 January 2026.

Examiner (1953) ‘Accountancy passes’ Launceston, Tas, 17 June, p 7 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/225924268, accessed 10 January 2026.

Examiner (1954) 'Advertising', Launceston, Tas, 27 May, p 16 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96273167, accessed 10 January 2026.

Find a Grave, ‘Vladas Navickas’ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/102456736/vladas-navickas, accessed 10 January 2026.

Homes.com, ‘1119 Catherine Way, Grants Pass, OR 97526’ https://www.homes.com/property/1119-catherine-way-grants-pass-or/gg8wy7121nlvk/, accessed 10 January 2026.

Kmitas, H (1952) ‘Navicka’ (‘Navickas’, in Lithuanian) Australijos lietuvis (Australian Lithuanian) Adelaide, SA, 11 February, p 7 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/280318103, accessed 9 January 2026.

Legacy ‘Vladas Navickas’ (original in the Hobart Mercury, 4 August 2012) https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/vladas-navickas-obituary?id=20784927, accessed 10 January 2026.

Lietuviai Amerikos vakaruose (Lithuanians in Western America) (1966) ‘Revizoriai, buhalteriai ir pajamų mokesčių patarėjai, Vladas Navickas‘ (‘Auditors, Accountants and Income Tax Advisors, Vladas Navickas‘, in Lithuanian) Los Angeles, CA, February-March, p 7 https://www.spauda2.org/lietuviai_amerikos_vakaruose/archive/1967/1967-Nr.02-03-LIETUVIAI-AMERIKOS-VAKARUOSE.pdf, accessed 10 January 2026.

Lietuviai Amerikos vakaruose (Lithuanians in Western America) (1977) ‘Pajamų mokesčiai, Income Tax, Vladas Navickas ‘ (‘Income Taxes … Vladas Navickas‘, partly in Lithuanian) Los Angeles, CA, February-March, p 7 https://spauda2.org/lietuviai_amerikos_vakaruose/archive/1977/1977-Nr.03-04-LIETUVIAI-AMERIKOS-VAKARUOSE.pdf, accessed 10 January 2026.

Lithuanians Papers (1997) ‘Graduates of the University of Tasmania with Lithuanian Names’ p 66 https://lithuanianpapers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/lithuanian-papers-vol-11-1997.pdf, accessed 10 January 2026.

Mercury (1952) 'Advertising', Hobart, Tas, 22 October, p 15 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27116933, accessed 10 January 2026.

My Heritage ‘Vladas Navickas, In US Naturalization Records, Northern California ‚ https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10695-443744/vladas-navickas-in-us-naturalization-records-northern-california, accessed 10 January 2026.

My Heritage ‘Vladas Navickas & Setsuko Kato, In California, Marriages‘ https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10202-2555839/vladas-navickas-and-setsuko-kato-in-california-marriages, accessed 10 January 2026.

My Heritage ‘Vladas (Vic) Navickas (partly in Lithuanian)‘ https://www.myheritage.lt/research/collection-10738/australijos-prane%C5%A1imai-apie-mirt%C4%AF-1860%E2%80%932019?itemId=4613984&action=showRecord&tr_id=m_sag98f0d7b_f5u2f3qx8a, accessed 10 January 2026.

My Tributes ‘Death notice for Navickas, Vytautas (Jack)’ (originally published in the Hobart Mercury on 21 February 2015) https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/navickas-vytautas-jack/4629613/, accessed 10 January 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, Central Office; A442, Correspondence files, multiple number series, Class 14 (Migrants L-N), 1951-1952; 1952/14/7693, Navickas, V, 1949-1954 recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=1918551, accessed 13 January 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, Central Office; A11772, Migrant Selection Documents for Displaced Persons who travelled to Australia per General Stuart Heintzelman departing Bremerhaven 30 October 1947, 1947-1947; 611, NAVICKAS Vladas DOB 18 January 1924, 1947-1947; recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=5005842, accessed 13 January 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Migrant Reception and Training Centre, Bonegilla [Victoria]; A2571, Name Index Cards, Migrants Registration [Bonegilla], 1947-1956; NAVICKAS VYTAUTAS, NAVICKAS, Vytautas : Year of Birth - 1927 : Nationality - LITHUANIAN : Travelled per - GEN. BLACK : Number - [UNKNOWN] 1948-1948 recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=203732815, accessed 13 January 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, Tasmanian Branch; P1184, Registration papers for non-British migrants, lexicographical series, 1949-circa 1966; NAVICKAS V, NAVICKAS Vytautas [Lithuanian], 1948-1948; recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=1777773, accessed 13 January 2026.

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, Victorian Branch; B78, Alien registration documents, 1948-1965; 1954/NAVICKAS V, NAVICKAS Vladas - Nationality: Lithuanian - Arrived Fremantle per Generel (sic) Heintzelman 28 November 1947 recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=4155519, accessed 13 January 2026.

Naujienos (News) (1956) ‘Žinios iš Kanados’ (‘News from Canada’, in Lithuanian) Chicago, IL, 15 August, p 3 https://www.spauda.org/naujienos/archive/1956/1956-08-15-NAUJIENOS-i7-8.pdf, accessed 10 January 2026.

Navickas, Vladas (2007) ‘I regret leaving Australia’ Mūsų pastogė Sydney, 14 march, page 5 https://spauda2.org/musu_pastoge/archive/2007/2007-03-14-MUSU-PASTOGE.pdf, accessed 9 January 2026.

‘Navickas, Vladas’, DocID: 86418248, ITS Digital Archive, Arolsen Archives, https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/86418247, accessed 9 January 2026.

‘Navickas, Vytautas, DocID: 86418252, ITS Digital Archive, Arolsen Archives, https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/86418252, accessed 9 January 2026.

Official USA ‘Vladas Navickas’ https://www.officialusa.com/names/Vladas-Navickas/, accessed 10 January 2026.

Tarvydas, Ramunas (1997) From Amber Coast to Apple Isle : Fifty Years of Baltic Immigrants in Tasmania 1948-1998, Baltic Semicentennial Commemoration Activities Organising Committee, Hobart, Tasmania, p174.

Williamstown Advertiser (1954) ‘Five new citizens naturalized’ Williamstown, Vic, 26 March, p1 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/270907581, accessed 10 January 2026.

Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, by Ann Tündern-Smith

Hospital history

The site on which this hospital was built has housed a hospital since the 1890s.  The family which owned the site bequeathed it to the government in 1937 so that a public hospital could be built on it.  The first government-owned and run hospital was opened as a general hospital for the Australian Army in 1941.  It was known as the Yaralla Military Hospital after the name of the property on which it was built.

After World War II, it became a hospital which specialised in the needs of returned service personnel.  The name was changed to Repatriation General Hospital, Concord.

First Transport refugees sent there to work, 1948

Voldemars Briedis, a Latvian who had been a medical student, was sent there on 7 April 1948, specifically to work as a medical orderly.  He had been working at the Bonegilla camp already from 8 December, so the day of arrival the previous year.  His English was good enough for him to have been nominated by cable from Berlin as one of 15 suitable for work as teachers or interpreters.

Voldemars was accompanied to his new workplace by another Latvian, Ojars Springis, and 4 Lithuanians:  Bronius Šaparas, whose story we have just looked at, plus Jurgis Arlionis, Ceslovas Sviderskas and Vladas Navickas.  All except Voldemars had been sent off the the fruit-picking exercise in the Goulburn Valley first.

This is what the entrance to the Repatriation Hospital looked like
when the First Transporters were sent there

Source:  Photograph by Frank Hurley, National Library of Australia

At this stage, I understand that Ojars and Vladas moved later to Tasmania, so Ramunas Tarvydas should have something to say about them.  They are on the list in From Amber Coast to Apple Isle, but he has nothing more to add.

The Hospital today

The Hospital is now a district general hospital, on Hospital Road in the Sydney suburb of Concord.  It is a teaching hospital of the Sydney Medical School of the University of Sydney.

Location of Concord Hospital

Source:  Wikipedia Maps

CITE THIS AS:  Tündern-Smith, Ann (2025) 'Repatriation General Hospital, Concord', https://firsttransport.blogspot.com/2025/10/repatriation-general-hospital-concord.html.

SOURCES

National Archives of Australia: Department of Immigration, Central Office;  A445, Correspondence files, multiple number series (policy matters), 1922-1968; 174/4/8, Bonegilla Centre - Education of New Australians, 1947-1945  https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=75444, accessed 3 October 2025.

National Archives of Australia:  Migration Reception and Training Centre, Bonegilla [Victoria]; A2571, Name Index Cards, Migrants Registration [Bonegilla], 1947-1956.

Tarvydas, Ramunas (1997) From Amber Coast to Apple Isle, Fifty years of Baltic Immigrants in Tasmania, Hobart, Baltic Semicentennial Commemoration Activities Organising Committee, pp 158-187.

Wikipedia, 'Concord Repatriation General Hospital'   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Repatriation_General_Hospital, accessed 3 October 2025.